Forgot your password?
New to PalDat?
 
 
Login
PalDat Logo

PalDat - Palynological Database

an online publication on recent pollen

Amaranthus retroflexus

Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Caryophyllales, Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus

Links: http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Amaranthus-retroflexus.htm

Published: 2020-10-28

Pollen Description

Shape, Size and Aperture

pollen unit: monad,  dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad,  size (pollen unit): small (10-25 µm),  size of hydrated pollen (LM): 26-30 µm,  shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): -,  longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): -,  shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 26-30 µm,  longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 26-30 µm,  pollen class: porate,  polarity: isopolar,  P/E-ratio: isodiametric,  shape: spheroidal,  outline in polar view: circular,  dominant orientation (LM): polar,  P/E-ratio (dry pollen): -,  shape (dry pollen): irregular,  outline in polar view (dry pollen): irregular,  infoldings (dry pollen): irregularly infolded,  aperture number: >6,  aperture type: porus,  aperture condition: porate, pantoporate,  aperture peculiarities: aperture membrane ornamented, pantoaperturate

Ornamentation and Structure

LM  ornamentation LM: verrucate, scabrate, gemmate,  nexine: -,  sexine: -,  SEM  ornamentation SEM: microechinate, perforate,  suprasculpture SEM: -,  TEM  tectum: -,  infratectum: -,  foot layer: -,  endexine: -,  intine: -,  wall peculiarities: -,  supratectal element: -

Miscellaneous

pollen coatings: -,  reserves in cytoplasm: -,  cell number: -,  Ubisch bodies: present

Annotations: dry pollen irregularly infolded or cup-shaped

Author(s) of diagnosis: Halbritter, Heidemarie; Heigl, Helmut

Pictures

habitus

1. habitus

flower(s)

2. flower(s)

hydrated Pollen

3. hydrated Pollen

hydrated Pollen

4. hydrated Pollen

hydrated Pollen

5. hydrated Pollen

hydrated pollen grains

6. hydrated pollen grains

hydrated pollen grain

7. hydrated pollen grain

aperture

8. aperture

exine surface

9. exine surface

dry pollen grains

10. dry pollen grains

locular wall with Ubisch bodies

11. locular wall with Ubisch bodies

Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall

12. Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall

Picture legend

  1. habitus, photographer: Svojtka, M.
  2. flower(s), photographer: Svojtka, M.
  3. hydrated Pollen - fresh, glycerine, unstained, photographer: Heigl, H.
  4. hydrated Pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  5. hydrated Pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  6. hydrated pollen grains - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  7. hydrated pollen grain - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  8. aperture - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  9. exine surface - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  10. dry pollen grains - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  11. locular wall with Ubisch bodies - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  12. Ubisch bodies on inner anther wall - fresh, rehydration (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.

Literature

  • Anand SK, Bhandari MM (1984) Pollen morphology of plants of Mount Abu - Centrospermae. J Econ Tax Bot 5: 1221-1231
  • Arachi JX (1968) Pictorial presentation of Indian flora: Special study: Courtallam. St Xavier's college, Palayamkottai, S India : 1-193
  • Armbruster L, Jacobs J () Pollenformen und Honigherkunftbestimmung. Bücher des Archivs für Bienenkunde, Berlin 2: 1-122
  • Banik S, Bhattacharya K, Chanda S (1986) Pollen flora of Dum Dum and the adjacent areas of West Bengal with reference to the identification of dispersed palynomorphs. Trans Bose Res Inst 49: 1-21
  • Barth OM, Côrte-Real S, Macieira EG (1976) Morfologia do pólen anemófilo e alergizante no Brazil. II. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) 74: 191-201
  • Bassett IJ, Crompton CW, Parmelee JA (1978) An atlas of airborne pollen grains and common fungus spores of Canada. Research Branch, Canada Dept Agriculture, Monograph 18: 321 pp
  • Batalla MA (1940) Estudio morfologico de los granos de polen de las plantas vulgares del valle de México. Ann Inst Biol Univ Nacl Mex 11: 129-161
  • Bertsch K (1942) Lehrbuch der Pollenanalyse. Handbücher der praktischen Vorgeschichtsforschung. Verlag Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 3: 195 pp
  • Bir SS, Sidhu M (1982) Cytopalynological studies on weed flora of cultivable lands of Patiala District (Punjab). J Palynol 16: 85-105
  • Blackmore S, Barnes SH (1986) Harmomegathic mechanisms in pollen grains. In: Blackmore S., Ferguson I.K. (eds) Pollen and Spores: Form and Function. Academic Press, London : 137-149
  • Candau P (1987) Aceraceae, Alismataceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Araceae, Araliaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Droseraceae, Fumariaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Linaceae, Lythraceae, Molluginaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Papaveraceae,
  • Cefalu M, Smiraglia CB (1963) Pollini aerodiffusi e le pollinosi. Instituto d'Igiene dell'Universita Palermo : 214 pp
  • Cuadrado GC (1987) Granos de polen de Amaranthaceae del NE Argentino. I. Géneros Amaranthus, Chamissoa, Herbstia y Pfaffia. Simposio Argentino de Paleobotánica y Palinología : 145-148
  • Cuadrado GC (1987) Granos de polen de Amaranthaceae del nordeste Argentino. I. Géneros Amaranthus, Chamissoa y Herbstia. Bol Soc Arg Bot 25: 11-24
  • Edgeworth MP (1877) Pollen. Hardwicke & Bogue, London : 92 pp, 24 pl
  • El-Ghazaly G (1992) Pollen flora of Qatar. Scientific and Applied Research Center, Univ of Qatar : 429 pp
  • Eliasson UH (1988) Floral morphology and taxonomic relations among the genera of Amaranthaceae in the New World and the Hawaiian Islands. Bot J Linn Soc 96: 235-283
  • Erdtman G (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Almquist & Wiksell, Stockholm
  • Fischer H (1890) Beiträge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pollenkörner. Breslau (Thesis) : 1-72
  • Frenguelli G, Mincigrucci G, Bricchi E, Romano B (1991) Pollini allergenici: morfologia e aspetti microscopici. Giorn It Allergol Immunol Clin 1: 389-401
  • Gill LS, Oshorakpo EO (1986) A palynological study of some Nigerian dicotyledonous weeds. Feddes Rep 97: 497-514
  • Goncalves-Esteves V, Campos MVL, Esteves RL, Monteiro DSSL (1992) Estudo polínico em plantas de restinga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Acanthaceae A.L. Juss. e Amaranthaceae Juss. Bol Mus Nac (Rio de Janeiro), Bot 89: 1-21
  • Gupta HP, Sharma C (1986) Pollen flora of North-West Himalaya. Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers, Lucknow : 181 pp, 29 pl
  • Gupta S, Bhattacharya K, Chanda S (1985) A contribution to the pollen flora of sub-tropical eastern Himalayas as an aid to Quaternary research and aerobiology. Trans Bose Res Inst 48: 87-114
  • Heusser CJ (1971) Pollen and Spores of Chile. Univ Arizona Press, Tucson : 1-167
  • Huang TC (1972) Pollen flora of Taiwan. National Taiwan Univ, Botany Dept Press : 297 pp
  • Huang TC, Chen YY (1969) Pollen grains of Formosan plants. V. Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University, Technical Bull 77: 1-39
  • Ikuse M (1955) General survey list of pollen grains in Japan (2). J Jap Bot 30: 45-55
  • Ikuse M (1956) Pollen grains of Japan. Hirokawa Publishing Co, Tokyo I-XII: 1-304
  • Jain RK, Nanda S (1966) Pollen morphology of some desert plants of Pilani, Rajasthan. Palynological Bull Lucknow II & III: 56-69
  • Kapp RO (1969) How to know pollen and spores. Nature series. Wm C Brown Company publisher, Dubuque, Iowa X: 249 pp, 499 figs
  • Kiew R, Muid M (1991) Beekeeping in Malaysia: Pollen Atlas. Malaysian Beekeeping Research and Development Team (Selangor) : 186 pp
  • Kozar F, Aaron TH (1976) Some electron photomicrographs of allergenic pollen grains of plants of the Canadian prairies. Pollen et Spores XVIII: 217-230
  • Kuprianova LA, Alyoshina LA (1972) Pollen and spores of plants from the flora of European part of USSR. Vol. 1. Akad Sci USSR, Komarov Bot Inst : 170 pp, 48 pl
  • La-Serna RI, Mendez PB, Dominguez SMD, Acebes GJR (1990) Contribución al atlas aeropalinológico de la comarca Santa Cruz-La Laguna (Tenerife: Islas Canarias) III: Amaranthaceae y Chenopodiaceae. In: Polen, esporas y sus aplicaciones. VII Simposio de Palinologia, Granada : 315-322
  • Liang YH, Long H, Liang QF (1978) Remarques sur la morphologie du pollen des plantes de Xisha qundao. Acta Bot Sinica 20: 166-174
  • Lozano-Garcia S (1979) Atlas de pollen de San Luis Polosi, Mexico. Pollen et Spores 21: 287-336
  • Maley J (1970) Contributions à l'étude du Bassin tchadien. Atlas de pollen du Tchad. Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg 40: 29-48
  • Mallea M, Soler M (1974) Les grains de pollen. In: Charpin J., Surinyach R., Frankland A.W. (eds) Atlas Européen des pollens allergisants. Sandoz, Paris : 19-63
  • Manalo JB, Payawal PC, Laserna G (1969) Pollen production of some allergenic plants in the Manila area. Philippine J Sci 98: 11-15
  • Mandal S, Chanda S (1981) Pollen atlas of Kalyani, West Bengal, with reference to aeropalynology. Trans Bose Res Inst 44: 35-62
  • Markgraf V, D'Antoni HL (1978) Pollen flora of Argentina. Univ Arizona Press, Tucson : 208 pp
  • Marticorena C (1968) Granos de polen de plantas chilenas - I. Gayana Bot 17: 1-66
  • Martin HA (1973) Palynology and historical ecology of some cave excavations in the Australian Nullabar. Austral J Bot 21: 283-316
  • Melhem TS (1978) Palinologia suas aplicaçoes e perspectivas no Brasil. Coleçao Museu Paulista, Serie Ensaios, Sao Paolo 2: 325-368
  • Melhem TS, Da CMAV (1979) Grãos de pólen de plantas alergógenas: Amaranthaceae e Chenopodiaceae. Hoehnea 8: 47-56
  • Melhem TS, Makino H (1978) Grâos de pôlen de plantas alergogenas. In: Advances in palaeobotany and allied sciences in Brazil. Bot Inst Geosciencas, Univ de Sâo Paolo 9: 145-150
  • Miyoshi N (1984) Pollen morphology by means of scanning electron microscope 9. Caryophyllales (Angiospermae). Bull Hiruzen Research Institute 10: 45-58
  • Mohl H (1834) Über den Bau und die Formen der Pollenkörner. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse. Erstes Heft. Bern 4: 130 pp, 6 pl
  • Mohl H (1835) Sur la structure et les formes des graines de pollen. Ann Sci Nat, Ser 2 3: 148-180, 220-236, 304-346
  • Moncada M (1987) Morfología del polen en Amaranthaceae. Acta Botánica Cubana 44: 1-8
  • Monoszon MC (1951) Morphologie des pollens de la famille des Chenopodiaceae Less. Tr Inst Geogr Akad Nauk, USSR 50: 142-166
  • Moore GT, La GRLV (1926) The identification of pollen from so-called Hay-fever plants. Ann Miss Bot Gard 13: 355-490
  • Mukherjee BB (1969) Vegetational history of southern part of west Bengal with an introduction to the pollen flora of Sundarbans. Univ Calcutta (D Phil Tesis) : 1-271
  • Nair PKK (1965) Pollen grains of Western Himalayan Plants. Asia Monographs, India 1 VIII: 1-102
  • Nair PKK, Kapoor SK (1974) Pollen morphology of Indian vegetable crops. Glimpses in Plant Research II: 106-201
  • Nair PKK, Rastogi K (1966) Pollen grains of Indian plants - VIII. Amaranthaceae. Bull Nat Bot Gard Lucknow 118: 1-18
  • Nayar TS (1990) Pollen flora of Maharashtra state, India. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, India : 150 pp
  • Nowicke JW (1976) Pollen morphology in the order Centrospermae. Grana 15: 51-77
  • Ogden EC, Raynor GSP, Hayes JV, Lewis DM, Haines JH (1974) Manual for sampling airborne pollen. Hafner Press, New York : 182 pp
  • Palacios-Chavez R, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Villanueva GR (1991) Flora palinologica de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo : 321 pp
  • Piccione V, Guerrini A, Aiello M, De LW (1989) Palcomp - 90. Generatore di schede palinologiche. In: Guerrini A. (ed) Flora palinologica siciliana, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche : 327 pp
  • Pire SM, Anzotegui LM, Cuadrado GA (1992) Atlas palinologico del nordeste Argentina. I. Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araliaceae y Sapindaceae. D'Orbignyana 7: 75 pp
  • Pla DJM (1961) Pollen. Talleres graficos DCP, Gerona
  • Pokrovskaiai IM (1950) Analyse pollinique (Traduction par E. Boltenhagen). Annales du Service d'Information géologique du BRGGM 24: 1-435
  • Radulescu D (1974) Contribution à la morphologie du pollen de la famille Amaranthaceae. Acta Bot Horti Bucuresti : 119-124
  • Raj B, Suryakanta (1973) Palynological studies in some south Indian weeds. Palynological Bull 6: 70-80, 1970
  • Rao AR, Shukla P (1975) Pollen flora of the Upper Gangetic plain. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Dehli, India : 130 pp
  • Reille M (1992) Pollen et spores d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Laboratoire de Botanique historique et Palynologie, Marseille : 520 pp, 446 pl
  • Riollet G, Bonnefille R (1976) Pollen des Amaranthacées du Bassin du Lac Rodolphe (Afrique Orientale). Déterminations générique et spécifique. Pollen et Spores XVIII: 67-92
  • Roure JM (1985) Palinología Ibérica. Fam. 1 a 20. Cupressaceae a Betulaceae. Orsis 1: 43-69
  • Roy P, Cchanda S (1992) Phylogenetic trend in the pollen grains of Centrospermae based on number or apertures. J Palynol 28: 143-208
  • Sahay S (1969) A pollen morphological survey of a few Centrospermous families with reference to polyaperturate condition. Trans Bose Res Inst 32: 93-103
  • Sayeedud-Din, Et a (1942) A comparative study of the structure of pollen grains in some of the families of Angiosperms. Journ Osmania Univ 10: 12-25
  • Sears PB (1930) Common fossil pollen of the Erie basin. Bot Gaz 89: 95-106
  • Shimakura M (1973) Palynomorphs of Japanese plants. Spec Publ Osaka Mus Nat Hist 5: 1-60
  • Silvestre MSF (1986) Flora plínica da reserva do Parque estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (Sao Paulo, Brasil). Familias: 30-Chenopodiaceae e 31-Amaranthaceae. Hoehnea 13: 1-7
  • Skvarla JJ, Nowicke JW (1976) Ultrastructure of pollen exine in Centrospermous families. Pl Syst Evol 126: 55-78
  • Smit A, Wijmstra TA (1970) Application on transmission electron microscope analysis to the reconstruction of former vegetation. Acta Bot Neerl 19: 867-876
  • Solomon WR, Durham OC, Mckay FL (1967) Aeroallergens II. Pollens and the plants that produce them. In: Sheldon J.M., Lovell R.G., Mathews K.P. (eds) A manual of clinical allergy. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia : 340-397
  • Srivastava V, Pal M, Nair PKK (1977) A study of the pollen grains of Amaranthus spinosus Linné and A. dubius Mart. ex Thellung and their hybrids. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 23: 191-287
  • Stachurska A, Sadowksa A, Kuszell T (1980) Kartoteka Palynologiczna Roslin Polskich. Opolskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk, Zeszyty Przyrodnicze 19: 237-246 tabl
  • Stuchlik L, Moncada M (1980) Description de polenes con posibles propiedades alergenicas en Cuba. Cienc Biol 5: 9-19, pl V-X
  • Tarnavschi I, Serbanescu-Jitariu G, Mitroiu-Radulescu N, Radulescu D (1981) Monografia polenalui florei din Romania. Vol. I Acad Rep Soc Romania : 144 pp
  • Tilak ST (1989) Airborne Pollen and fungal Spores. Vaijayanti Prakashan, Aurangabad, India : 316 pp
  • Trigo MM, Fernandez RMC, Salvo AE (1990) Sobre la palinología de las especies anemófilas más frecuentes en bordes de caminos de la ciudad de Málaga. In: Polen, esporas y sus aplicaciones. VII Simposio de Palinologia, Granada : 355-362
  • Tsukada M (1967) Chenopod and Amaranth pollen. Electron-Microscopic identification. Science 157: 80-82
  • Ueno J (1978) Study of palynology. Kazama Shoba Publ Co, Tokyo : 528 pp
  • Van Zinderen BEM (1956) South African pollen grains and spores - Part II. Balkema, Cape Town : 1-132
  • Vishnu-Mittre (1963) Pollen morphology of Indian Amaranthaceae. J Indian Bot Soc 42: 86-101
  • Wang FH (1960) Pollen grains of China. : 276 pp
  • Wang FH, Chang KT (1955) Etude morphologique des pollens de Chine. III. Pollen des Chenopodiaceae et des pollens "polyforate" des familles voisines. Acta Bot Sinica 4: 269-279
  • Wang FH, Yu CH (1954) Étude morphologique des pollens de Chine. I. Standardization de la terminologie en chinois et méthodes de préparation. Acta Bot Sinica 3: 81-104
  • Wodehouse RP (1935) Pollen grains. Hafner publishing Co, New York : 1-574
  • Wodehouse RP (1945) Hayfever plants. Waltham Mass, USA
  • Zandonella P, Lecocq M (1977) Morphologie pollinique et mode de pollinisation chez les Amaranthaceae. Pollen et Spores XIX: 119-141

Copyright and Citation

Cite this publication as:

Halbritter H., Heigl H., Svojtka M. 2020. Amaranthus retroflexus. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://www.paldat.org/pub/Amaranthus_retroflexus/303802;jsessionid=9DC9907779BA67452F46D5204820A7BE; accessed 2024-04-19

Previous Publications