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PalDat - Palynological Database

an online publication on recent pollen

Primula vulgaris

Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Ericales, Primulaceae, Primula

Links: http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Primula-vulgaris.htm

Published: 2025-05-20

Pollen Description

Shape, Size and Aperture

pollen unit: monad,  dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad,  size (pollen unit): medium-sized (26-50 µm),  size of hydrated pollen (LM): 16-20 µm,  shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 11-15 µm,  longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 16-20 µm,  shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 16-20 µm,  longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 16-20 µm,  pollen class: colpate,  polarity: isopolar,  P/E-ratio: -,  shape: spheroidal,  outline in polar view: circular,  dominant orientation (LM): oblique,  P/E-ratio (dry pollen): prolate,  shape (dry pollen): -,  outline in polar view (dry pollen): lobate,  infoldings (dry pollen): aperture(s) sunken,  aperture number: >6,  aperture type: colpus,  aperture condition: colpate, stephanocolpate,  aperture peculiarities: aperture membrane psilate, stephanoaperturate

Ornamentation and Structure

LM  ornamentation LM: reticulate,  nexine: -,  sexine: -,  SEM  ornamentation SEM: reticulate,  suprasculpture SEM: -,  TEM  tectum: semitectate,  infratectum: absent,  foot layer: absent,  endexine: compact-continuous,  intine: monolayered,  wall peculiarities: -,  supratectal element: -

Miscellaneous

pollen coatings: pollenkitt,  reserves in cytoplasm: lipids,  cell number: 2-celled,  Ubisch bodies: absent

Annotations: pollen dimorphism of heterostylous flowers; pollen of long-styled morph smaller with about 7 colpi; short-styled morph with about 9 colpi

Author(s) of diagnosis: Halbritter, Heidemarie; Radivo, Pauli; Heigl, Helmut; Gilot, Philippe

Pictures

detail of flower(s),longistylous

1. detail of flower(s), longistylous

detail of flower(s),brevistylous

2. detail of flower(s), brevistylous

hydrated pollen

3. hydrated pollen

hydrated pollen

4. hydrated pollen

hydrated pollen

5. hydrated pollen

hydrated pollen grains (long-styled morph)

6. hydrated pollen grains (long-styled morph)

polar view (short-styled morph)

7. polar view (short-styled morph)

equatorial view (short-styled morph)

8. equatorial view (short-styled morph)

aperture (long-styled morph)

9. aperture (long-styled morph)

exine surface (long-styled morph)

10. exine surface (long-styled morph)

polar area (short-styled morph)

11. polar area (short-styled morph)

dry pollen grains (long-styled morph)

12. dry pollen grains (long-styled morph)

dry pollen grains (short-styled morph)

13. dry pollen grains (short-styled morph)

pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph)

14. pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph)

pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph)

15. pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph)

pollen grain in cross section with pollenkitt droplets (long-styled morph)

16. pollen grain in cross section with pollenkitt droplets (long-styled morph)

pollen wall (long-styled morph)

17. pollen wall (long-styled morph)

detail of exine (long-styled morph)

18. detail of exine (long-styled morph)

Picture legend

  1. detail of flower(s), longistylous, photographer: Gilot, P.
  2. detail of flower(s), brevistylous, photographer: Gilot, P.
  3. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, unstained, photographer: Heigl, H.
  4. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  5. hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
  6. hydrated pollen grains (long-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  7. polar view (short-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  8. equatorial view (short-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  9. aperture (long-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  10. exine surface (long-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  11. polar area (short-styled morph) - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  12. dry pollen grains (long-styled morph) - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  13. dry pollen grains (short-styled morph) - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Halbritter, H.
  14. pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph) - fresh, Karnovsky-fixation, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Radivo, P.
  15. pollen grain in cross section (long-styled morph) - fresh, Karnovsky-fixation, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Radivo, P.
  16. pollen grain in cross section with pollenkitt droplets (long-styled morph) - fresh, Karnovsky-fixation, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Radivo, P.
  17. pollen wall (long-styled morph) - fresh, Karnovsky-fixation (microwave), modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Radivo, P.
  18. detail of exine (long-styled morph) - fresh, Karnovsky-fixation, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Radivo, P.

Literature

  • Bahadur B, Bangaru LS, Ramaswamy N (1984) Pollen morphology and heterostyly - a systematic and critical account. Adv Pollen - Spore Res 12: 79-126
  • Bahadur B, Swamy NR (1993) Pollen exine dimorphism in ten heterostylous species. J Palynol 29: 77-88
  • Dahlgren KVO (1916) Zytologische und embryologische Studien über die Reihen Primulales und Plumbaginales. Kungl Svenska Veten Handl 56: 1-80
  • Fernandez I, Garcia-Martin F (1985) Morfología polínica de la familia Primulaceae en Andalucía occidental. An Asoc Palinol Leng Esp 2: 107-115
  • Filina NN, Permjakov AI (1970) Morphologie des grains de pollen de quelques Myrtaceae et Primulaceae. Vest mosk Univ 6 25: 47-52
  • Kao MT, De VCE (1970) The Primulaceae of Taiwan. Taiwania 15: 51-72
  • Pandey KK, Troughton JH (1974) Scanning electron microscopic observations of pollen grains and stigma in the self incompatible heteromorphic species Primula malacoides Franch. and Forsythia x intermedia Zab and genetics of sporopollenin deposition. Euphytica 23: 337-344
  • Piper J, Charlesworth B (1986) The evolution of distyly in Primula vulgaris. Biol J Linn Soc 29: 123-137
  • Punt W, De LVWJS, Van Oostrum WAP (1974) Primulaceae. Rev Palaeobot Palynol, NEPF 17: 31-70
  • Richards J (1993) Primula. Batsford Ltd, London : 299 pp
  • Spanowsky W (1962) Die Bedeutung der Pollenmorphologie für die Taxonomie der Primulaceae-Primuloideae. Feddes Rep 65: 149-214
  • Subramanyam K, Narayana LL (1968) Floral anatomy and embryology of Primula floribunda Wall. Phytomorphology 18: 105-113
  • Tarnavschi IT, Mitroiu N (1960) Considérations palynologiques sur les représentants de la famille des Primulacées de la flora Roumaine. Com Ac RPR 10: 111-118
  • Wendelbo P (1961) Studies in Primulaceae - II. An account of Primula subgenus Sphondylia with a review of the subdivisions of the genus. Ab Univ Bergen matnaturv Ser 11: 1-49
  • Halbritter, H (1998) Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and criticalpoint drying. Biotechnic Histochem 73: 137–143

Copyright and Citation

Cite this publication as:

Halbritter H., Radivo P., Heigl H., Gilot P. 2025. Primula vulgaris. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://www.paldat.org/pub/Primula_vulgaris/306819;jsessionid=4B117FBCC50BAC03D5F0879AFC67D27D; accessed 2025-06-01

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